The Merneptah Stele, also known as the Israel Stele, is an inscription by the ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Merneptah (reigned 1213–1203 BC). It’s significant because it contains the earliest known mention of the name “Israel” in any ancient Egyptian text. The inscription describes Merneptah’s military victories and mentions defeating various peoples, including Israel. It’s considered an important historical document for understanding the ancient Near East.
This passage is the earliest extra-biblical reference to the term “Israel.” It’s crucial because it confirms the presence of a group or entity called “Israel” in Canaan during this period. The mention of Israel alongside other established peoples and cities in Canaan suggests that by the late 13th century BC, Israel was already a recognizable entity.
The relevant section of the inscription reads:
“Plundered is the Canaan with every evil, All lands are united and pacified. Those who were in turmoil are subdued by the King of Upper and Lower Egypt… Israel is laid waste and his seed is not;”
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